In case someone develops the above symptoms, they should contact an ophthalmologist immediately and avoid any delay in initiating treatment. Diagnosis involves: 

• A good and thorough clinical examination including a dilated retina exam. A classical finding in CRAO is a “Cherry red spot” at the macula. 

• Fundus fluoroscein angiography(FFA) to assess the circulation of the retina to check for signs of blockage and reduced retinal perfusion. 

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows swelling and thickening of the retinal layers in an acute occlusion. 

•  Fundus Photograph: A picture of the retina may be taken to document the condition of the retina and it allows us to monitor the retina as well.

Other investigations including a full systemic workup and a cardiologist and/ or neurologist are also suggested.  Tests like ECG, Echocardiography, blood investigations, carotid doppler (ultrasound of the neck vessels) to rule out systemic risk factors. 

Draining fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye to induce hypotony - in order to dislodge any clot if present

• If initiated early (within a few hours), there is a chance that the retinal perfusion may be restored to some extent. However the prognosis remains guarded as most patients do not reach a doctor early.

Treatment modalities include :

• Lowering the eye pressure using IOP lowering drugs

• Digital ocular massage

• Draining fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye to induce hypotony - in order to dislodge any clot if present

• Further treatment including vitrectomy has been tried in a few patients under guarded prognosis.

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is being tried as a newer modality to help treat recent CRAO.

Your cardiologist or neurologist may start blood thinner and cholesterol lowering agents as well.

RAO is unpredicatable and no one can prevent its occurrence.

However, a good metabolic control of blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol goes a long way in preventing such serious conditions.

Avoidance of smoking is a major factor which is known to reduce the risk of RAO.

A healthy lifestyle, regular exercise and frequent follow ups are important ways by which one can maintain a healthy eyesight and long life.