How is Strabismus Caused?

Strabismus is caused by misaligned eye muscles. However, the exact reason for the misalignment of the eyes leading to strabismus is not fully understood. Many factors can be responsible for strabismus. They include:
• Inappropriate development of the “fusion center” of the brain, problems with the “eye movement” centers of the brain, and injury to or disease of the eye muscles or nerves. This explains why children with cerebral palsy, Down’s syndrome and hydrocephalus often have strabismus. Even a brain tumor may cause strabismus.
• Another factor is genetics, and it is known that strabismus may run in families. However, in many patients there are no relatives with the problem. The condition occurs equally in males and females.
• Associated eye conditions may also give rise to strabismus. In cases of cataract, injury or tumor within the eye, the eye may frequently turn in or out.